FOIA Advisor

Court opinion issued Oct. 7, 2015

Court Opinions (2015-2024)Allan BlutsteinComment

Dugan v. Dep't of Justice (D.D.C.) --  granting government's unopposed motion for summary judgment after finding that Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives properly withheld Firearms Trace Summaries and tax return information withheld under Exemption 3; attorney work product under Exemption 5; third-party identifying information under Exemptions 6 and 7(C)); specific law enforcement techniques, TECS codes and TECS file numbers under Exemption 7(E); and third-party information under Exemption 7(F) for personal safety reasons.

Summaries of all cases since April 2015 are available here.

FOIA News: Judges reject move to consolidate Clinton FOIA cases

FOIA News (2015-2025)Allan BlutsteinComment

Josh Gerstein, POLITICO, Oct. 8, 2015

Federal district court judges in Washington have unanimously rejected a bid by the Obama Administration to try to coordinate aspects of nearly 40 Freedom of Information Act lawsuits relating to the emails of former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and her top aides.

The Justice Department, acting on behalf of the State Department and at the urging of at least two judges on the court, moved last month to put scheduling and record preservation issues in the cases in front of a single federal judge. At the moment, the cases are pending before 17 different judges, the government said in a recent filing.

In an order issued Thursday (and posted here), Chief Judge Richard Roberts that the judges on the court met privately to discuss the issue on Tuesday and decided against any formal process to align the cases.

“Many of the underlying cases have been pending for several years and a significant number of scheduling orders have already been entered,” Roberts said, referring to FOIA suits filed well before the recent disclosures about Clinton’s private email account and State’s decision to seek records from personal email accounts of her top aides. “The judges who have been randomly assigned to these cases have been and continue to be committed to informal coordination so as to avoid unnecessary inefficiencies and confusion, and the parties are also urged to meet and confer to assist in coordination.”

Most of the plaintiffs in the cases, who include conservative groups and media organizations, opposed the effort to coordinate the cases.

There was no immediate comment from the Justice Department or the State Department on the decision.

Read more here.

 

FOIA News: State AGs submit FOIA concerning clean power rules

FOIA News (2015-2025)Allan BlutsteinComment

W.Va. AG leads 14-state coalition in filing FOIA request over Clean Power Plan publication delay

Jessica Karmasek, Legal Newsline, Oct. 7, 2015

West Virginia Attorney General Patrick Morrisey and 13 other state attorneys general want to know why publication of the much-maligned Clean Power Plan rule has been delayed.

Morrisey announced Wednesday that West Virginia along with Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Texas and Wisconsin have filed a Freedom of Information Act, or FOIA, request for communications between the federal Environmental Protection Agency and Office of the Federal Register regarding the rule’s publication.

“Publishing a rule typically occurs much faster than it has in this case,” Morrisey said in a statement accompanying the seven-page request.

“Our goal is to understand the cause behind the unusually long delay between the finalization and publication of the Clean Power Plan.”

EPA Administrator Gina McCarthy signed the rule as final Aug. 3, but it has yet to be published in the Federal Register.

States are not permitted to file a petition for review against the EPA under the Clean Air Act until the rule is published. As a result, states must wait until the publication process is complete before asking a court to stop the agency’s “unlawful” actions, Morrisey noted.

“We want to help the public understand why one of most widely criticized rules in our nation’s history is being subject to such unexplained delays,” he said. “This harms the states and undermines the availability of review by our courts.”

Read more here

FOIA News: Parties dispute whether Clinton's server constitutes government system

FOIA News (2015-2025)Allan BlutsteinComment

Court weighs whether Clinton email was official records system

By Sarah Westwood, The Washington Times, Oct. 6, 2015

A federal court is weighing whether Hillary Clinton's private server network should be treated as a State Department records system and therefore searched in its entirety by the agency.

Lawyers for Judicial Watch, a conservative watchdog group, pressed Judge Emmet Sullivan Tuesday to allow the court to question Patrick Kennedy, the State Department's top records official. They suggested Kennedy could certify whether the agency authorized Clinton's use of a private server.

Judicial Watch's legal team argued against "relying on former employees' apparently personal attorneys to decide" which emails should be considered official records in a Freedom of Information Act hearing Tuesday in district court.

State Department attorneys said the argument that Clinton's email domain should be treated as an official records system was "an incredibly novel legal theory" and discouraged the court from immediately allowing a review of the argument.

Read more here.

FOIA News: Dep't of State seeks additional Clinton emails

FOIA News (2015-2025)Allan BlutsteinComment

State Dept. tells Hillary Clinton to search for more emails

Stephen Dinan, The Washington Times, Oct. 6, 2015

The State Department has instructed former Secretary Hillary Rodham Clinton go back to her Internet companies and try to recover email messages from any personal email accounts that she used during her time in government, saying it appears she didn’t turn over all of her documents.

In a letter to Clinton lawyer David E. Kendall, the department said it has become aware of messages Mrs. Clinton sent to other government officials in her first few months in office, but which she did not turn over as part of the more than 30,000 emails she did relinquish last December.

Mrs. Clinton had previously said she used a personal email account — the same one she kept as a senator — to do government business during the first couple of months she was at the State Department. Her campaign said she no longer had access to those messages.

But after some of those messages were produced from the Defense Department, the State Department realized it had a problem.

Read more here.  

FOIA News: Center for Public Integrity sues FEC for security study

FOIA News (2015-2025)Kevin SchmidtComment

Center for Public Integrity sues FEC for security study

Oct. 5, 2015

For the second time in three months, the Center for Public Integrity has filed a federal lawsuit against the Federal Election Commission for refusing to release documents requested under the Freedom of Information Act.

In July, Center for Public Integrity senior political reporter Dave Levinthal filed a FOIA request seeking a study the agency commissioned to detail the decay in the security and management of its computer systems and networks.

The taxpayer-funded study, which cost $199,500 to produce, followed Center for Public Integrity reporting that revealed how Chinese hackers successfully infiltrated the FEC’s computer systems in October 2013.

Read more here.

Q&A: requesting records not currently in agency's possession

Q&A (2015-2025)Allan BlutsteinComment

Q.  "Can a FOIA request ask for documents not yet received?"

A.   You can ask, of course, but an agency is required to process only those records in its possession at the time it initiates a search.  Nor is an agency required to adjust or modify its FOIA responses based on what occurs after it provides a response to the requester.  Here is additional guidance from the Department of Justice about "cut-off" dates for agency searches. 

Court opinions issued Sept. 30, 2015

Court Opinions (2015-2024)Allan BlutsteinComment

Kaplan v. Ebert (M.D. Pa.) -- dismissing lawsuit because plaintiff failed to file administrative appeals before filing Complaint. 

Hertz Schram PC v. Fed. Bureau of Investigation (E.D. Mich.) -- accepting magistrate's recommendation to deny plaintiff an award of attorney's fees.  The court concluded that plaintiff was neither eligible nor entitled to fees because the agency has begun processing the request before the lawsuit was filed, the agency acted reasonably in withholding certain records, and plaintiff had a commercial interest in pursuing the lawsuit.   

Canning v. U.S. Dep't of State (D.D.C.) -- upholding agency's Exemption 1 withholdings except for: (a) certain unclassified portions of two partially redacted documents, which the court ordered to be released, and (b) documents classified after submission of FOIA request, for which the court sought additional information. The court further upheld agency's withholdings under Exemptions 5 (deliberative process privilege) and 6. 

Francis v. Fed. Hous. Fin. Agency (D.D.C.) -- determining that FHFA conducted a reasonable search of its files and that it was not obligated to search Fannie Mae's files even though FHFA is Fannie Mae's conservator.    

Stein v. U.S. Dep't of Justice (D.D.C.) -- ruling that: (1) FBI's case evaluation forms were properly withheld under Exemption 2 because they are maintained in administrative personnel files "'for purposes of tracking and evaluating the performance of employees who process FOIA and Privacy Act requests'"; (2) FBI properly withheld its "Automated Case Support Basic Reference Guide" pursuant to Exemption 7(E); (3) the Civil Division properly withheld several monographs pursuant to Exemption 5 (attorney work-product privilege); (4) Executive Office for United States Attorneys "applied an unnecessarily hypertechnical reading" of plaintiff's request for records "in the USABook Desktop Library maintained by the DOJ Office of Legal Education indexed under the topic 'Freedom of Information;'" (5) FBI did not justify its reliance on Exemption 7(D) for 28 of 29 pages concerning Christopher Hitchens; and (6) FBI properly denied plaintiff's request for a fee waiver with respect to approximately 10,000 pages concerning Gwen Todd.      

Ctr. for Auto Safety v. U.S. Dep't of Treasury (D.D.C.) -- holding that agency and intervenor failed to provide adequate Vaughn indices with respect to Exemption 4 withholdings pertaining to 2009 bankruptcies of General Motors and Chrysler.   

Argus Leader Media v. U.S. Dep't of Agric. (D.S.D.) -- finding that the Food and Nutrition Service had not justified its use of Exemptions 4 and 6 to withhold certain food stamp program information derived from retail stores.  In analyzing the prospect of competitive harm, the court took into consideration that only 323 of 321,988 potential retailers responded to the agency's submitter notice.   

N.Y. Times v. U.S. Dep't of Justice (S.D.N.Y.) -- holding that: (1) FBI's witness statements were protected by attorney work-product privilege because they revealed an attorney's strategic impressions and mental processes; (2) all memoranda at issue were covered by the attorney work-product privilege, the doctrine of "express incorporation" applies to and waives that privilege, and one of four memoranda -- a declination to prosecute -- had been expressly incorporated, at least in part, in agency's final decision.    

Freedom Watch, Inc. v. Nat'l Sec. Agency (D.D.C.) -- dismissing NSA from multi-defendant lawsuit concerning records of shoot-down of a military helicopter in Afghanistan because plaintiff failed to appeal NSA's determinations; rejecting plaintiff's argument that appealing would have been futile or that a "futility" exception to appeal requirement even exists. 

Aguiar v, Drug Enforcement Admin. (D.D.C.) -- ruling that DEA performed an adequate search for certain administrative subpoenas and that third party's GPS mapping software utilized by the DEA is not an "agency record."  The court also found from an in camera review that DEA's uncontested withholdings were proper.   

Am. Civil Liberties Union of S. Cal. v. U.S. Citizenship & Immigration Servs. (D.D.C.) -- deciding that: (1) national security concerns underlying agency's Controlled Application Review and Resolution Program was sufficient to meet Exemption 7's law enforcement threshold; (2) USCIS properly withheld certain records pursuant to Exemption 7(E), but that it failed to adequately explain that exemption's applicability to other records; (3) USCIS performed an adequate search for responsive records; (4) USCIS improperly determined that certain records were outside the scope of request; and (5) USCIS reasonably segregated and released all non-exempt information.  

Rocky Mountain Wild v. U.S. Forest Serv. (D. Colo.) -- concluding that the Forest Service unreasonably limited its search and that agency justified its withholdings under Exemption 5 for only certain records. 

Summaries of all cases since April 2015 are available here.

Court opinions issued Sept. 29, 2015

Court Opinions (2015-2024)Allan BlutsteinComment

Spears v. U.S. Dep't of Justice (D.D.C.) -- finding that the Criminal Division conducted a reasonable search for requested telephone wiretap records and that it properly withheld certain information pursuant to Exemptions 3, 5, 6 and 7(C).  

Riddick v. Holland (D.D.C.) -- determining that Executive Office for U.S. Attorneys conducted an adequate search for records concerning plaintiff's criminal case, that it properly withheld responsive records under attorney work-product and deliberative process privileges, and that it properly closed plaintiff's requests after plaintiff failed to pay fees after exhausting two hours of free search time.   

Unrow Human Rights Impact Litig. Clinic v. U.S. Dep't of State (D.D.C) -- ruling that requested diplomatic cable was properly withheld under Exemption 1; rejecting plaintiff's waiver argument that agency had acknowledged authenticity of a cable published by newspaper.

Coleman v. Drug Enforcement Admin. (D.D.C.) -- finding that agency's search was sufficient except for agency's failure to search the one office;  further finding that plaintiff was not entitled to a fee waiver determination because agency had provided documents free of charge and plaintiff did not establish likelihood of future injury.  

Bryson v. Susan B. Gerson & U.S. Dep't of Justice (E.D. Cal.) -- dismissing lawsuit because plaintiff failed to pay the fees associated with his request and failed to administratively appeal after agency closed the request for non-payment. 

Summaries of all cases since April 2015 are available here.

Court opinions issued Sept. 28, 2015

Court Opinions (2015-2024)Allan BlutsteinComment

Evans v. U.S. Dep't of the Interior & Nat'l Park Serv. (N.D. Ind.) -- granting government's motion for summary judgment after determining that: (1) plaintiff failed to file administrative appeals for several requests; (2) agency conducted a reasonable request for remaining requested records; and (3) agency properly withheld certain records pursuant to Exemptions 5 and 7(E). 

Coss v. U.S. Dep't of Justice (D.D.C.) -- ruling that the FBI conducted an adequate search for a requested notebook pertaining to plaintiff's criminal case; noting that DEA, not FBI, was involved in plaintiff's drug trafficking conviction.  

Campbell v. U.S. Dep't of Justice (D.D.C.) -- finding that the Criminal Division properly relied upon the attorney-work product privilege to withhold documents related to court-authorized wiretaps in pending drug conspiracy cases in the Western District of Pennsylvania.

Summaries of all cases since April 2015 are available here.